Nutrition Resources
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Equine Supplement Categories: Click on the category name to view all products in that category.
Anhidrosis: Anhidrosis - Anhidrosis is the inability to sweat adequately when necessary. This condition is seen most often in horses that live in hot, humid climates. Other signs include increased respiratory rates at rest, elevated temperature, areas of hair loss, and dry and flaky skin.
Antioxidants: While all horses can benefit
from antioxidants, horses in competition, breeding, and young growing horses benefit the most. This is due to the increased
amount of energy they expend. When energy is spent, cellular activity increases and free radicals are released within the
body. Free radicals attack healthy cells and cause damage to the horse’s system. Antioxidants can neutralize or "scavenge"
these free radicals before they cause harm.
Calming Supplements: Did you know that
Vitamin B-1 (thiamine) deficiency is marked by nervousness, irritability, and excitability? That is why
B-1 is commonly used as a calming supplement. Other active ingredients in calming products are
valerian,
chamomile, and
magnesium. Some competitive riding associations prohibit
specific ingredients such as valerian and chamomile if you are showing - so choose your calming product with that in mind.
Daily Dewormer: Rotational paste worming does a good
job of killing adult worms. But it doesn't prevent re-infestation. Migrating larvae can cause significant damage. Worm problems
can lead to a dull coat, hoof problems, weight loss and colic. Studies show daily worming with pyrantel tartrate may reduce
colic risk. All our daily wormers contain the same active ingredient, 2.1% pyrantel tartrate.
*Note: The above sample schedules should be customized to your region or conditions, consult your veterinarian for a course
of treatment. Wormers with different active ingredients are effective against different types of worms.
Equine tapeworms have been found in all areas of the United States (see map below):
We strongly recommend you talk to your vet about adding one of the new Ivermectin and Praziquantel products,
Equimax or
Zimectrin Gold, to your rotation program. If you
prefer to not rotate wormers, use a 1.87% Ivermectin Paste wormer every other month when you worm, as ivermectin products
have not been shown to have any resistance problems.
If you feed a daily dewormer, such as
Strongid C2X,
Continuex,
CW or
Nu-Image
Guardian, the manufacturers recommend that you worm once in the fall and once in the spring using a 1.87% Equine
Ivermectin Paste wormer to control bot infestations.
Click here to see
our full paste wormer product line.
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Digestion: Research indicates that probiotics
(beneficial bacteria), yeast culture and enzymes enhance digestive tract and whole body health leading to better performance.
Probiotics increase the utilization of the base diet and assist your horse in receiving the full benefit of nutritional
supplements.
Electrolytes: Feed daily electrolytes to maintain
your horse's hydration and mineral balance. Dr. J.G. Merriam, DVM, MS says, "Many vets see an increase in dehydration-related
colic through the winter months. Of course, unfrozen, fresh water needs to be readily available, but feeding electrolytes
year round can help keep horses drinking, even when the temperature drops."
Energy Supplements: Horses in intensive training
and competition might need an energy supplement to stave off muscle fatigue and to maintain a proper nutrient balance.
Hoof Supplements: Your horse may need a hoof supplement
if he has dry, brittle, cracked hooves that hold shoes poorly or chronic foot soreness. The most common active ingredients
are Biotin, which is important to all connective tissue, and Methionine, an amino acid essential for strong hooves.
Immune Supplements: Choose an immune boosting supplement
for horses in heavy training, stressful situations, or living in areas with a high incidence of viral disease.
Insect Control: There are two basic approaches
to fly control suppplementation: make the horse distasteful to insects with a garlic/yeast based product or render manure
an inhospitable breeding ground. Using garlic to repel insects is not a new idea, as early as 5000 BC the Egyptian’s used
garlic to repel flies, especially during the Nile Delta flood season when winged pests were at their worst.
Joint Supplements: Your horse may need a joint supplement
if he is stiff, sore, recovering from an injury, or in intensive training or showing. Some riders and trainers feel joint
supplements may extend their horse's competitive career. The most common active ingredients are
Glucosamine
and
Chondroitin Sulfate. Want to compare ingredients on all of our joint products? Check out
our
Joint Product Comparison Page.
Metabolic Supplements: Are you struggling to
manage the health of an obese, cresty-necked horse or one that is prone to founder? Veterinarians now recognize that some
"easy keepers" may actually have a metabolic syndrome that makes maintaining optimal weight and health difficult,
even with proper diet and exercise. The products in this category contain specifically selected ingredients shown to help
regulate insulin and glucose in the body.
Some horses with Cushing’s Syndrome may also have insulin resistance and benefit from some of these products.
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Mineral Supplements: Selecting high quality, brand-name
mineral products is important! Off-brand or generic products can contain minerals with "heavy metal" contamination
like lead and mercury.
Muscle Supplements: If your horse is in intensive
training or experiencing muscle related difficulties (stiffness, soreness, inflamed muscles, etc.), you may want to try
a muscle supplement. Proper muscle function is key in all performance horses.
Vitamin E and Selenium are especially critical to proper muscle function.
Respiratory Supplements: Horses that frequently
attend shows or that live in large boarding facilities are particularly susceptible to respiratory infections. Other indications
for respiratory supplementation include cough, heaves, allergies and congestion. The most common ingredients are antioxidants
and anti-inflammatories. Garlic has also been shown to be effective in combating respiratory difficulties.
Sand Colic Supplements: Preventative treatments
for sand colic rely on moving bulky gels through the digestive tract to pick up and remove sand. You can feed a smaller
daily amount or a larger purge amount. The purge dosage is fed one week out of every four for seven consecutive days. Because
of the volume of the purge dosage it comes in a separate set of seven SmartPaks.
Skin & Coat Supplements: You might want to feed
a skin and coat supplement if your horse has a dull, dry coat or if you're showing and want that winning shine.
Tendon & Ligament Supplements: Findings suggest
that Silica may be beneficial for tendons, ligaments, cartilage, hooves, skin, muscle tissue, bone support, immune enhancement
and wound healing. Silica is an element essential to the production and maintenance of connective tissue. Studies have shown
that dietary deficiencies of Silica can lead to deterioration of connective tissue strength and integrity.
Ulcer Supplements: Ulcers occur when too much acid
is produced in the stomach. Race horses and horses in intensive training are especially likely to develop ulcers since exercise
increases acid production. Other things that can lead to ulcers are little or no access to grazing and transporting, especially
for long periods of time. Symptoms of ulcers can include poor appetite, poor attitude, dull coat, and low-grade colic. If
you're looking for a prescription strength ulcer medication, check out
GastroGard.
Click here to read information on ulcers and GastroGard.
Vitamins: Vitamin and mineral supplements can make
up for daily variations in the quality of hay or grain and meet specific deficiency needs. Vitamins and minerals work together
to promote growth, vitality and a general well being. Vitamins have many key roles in nutrition, they extend the life of
red blood cells and maximize cellular protection, develop new muscle, aid in digestion, combat stress, and speed recovery
from illness, to name a few. Minerals assist in the formation of bones, teeth, soft tissue, muscles, and nerve cells. A
good multi-vitamin is especially important for easy keepers on little or no grain.
Weight Supplements: If your horse is a hard keeper
(has difficulty gaining weight and/or keeping it on) you might want to try a weight gain supplement. Arabians, Thoroughbreds
and timid horses in herd situations are notoriously hard keepers. Common ingredients are fat, yeast, probiotics and vitamins.
Wood Chewing Supplements: A new solution to an old
problem. Solve wood chewing through nutrition. Wood chewing can be caused by a specific nutritional deficit. Note: this
product does not address cribbing.
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Special Equine Health Care Needs:
Senior Horse Care:
- Probiotics: The digestive process in older horses is much less efficient
which makes it even more difficult to get them the nutrients that they need. Feeding a
probiotic will help your horse to make the best use of the vitamins and minerals he ingests.
- Vitamin C: Vitamin C is typically deficient in older horses
and is a powerful antioxidant in addition to being essential for the production and healing of connective tissues.
- Multi-Vitamins: Look for a product like
Accel Lifetime that meets the following requirements: contains phosphorus (older horses have an increased need for it)
and chelated minerals rather than inorganic minerals (such as sulfates and oxides) because they are more easily absorbed.
- Immune Boosting Supplements: May help protect your horse from infection
and to combat damaging free-radicals.
- Joint Supplements/Anti-Inflammatories:
Older horses frequently have problems with arthritis or joint pain and stiffness. Feeding a
joint supplement or an anti-inflammatory may help your horse remain
limber and agile.
- Daily Dewormers: Keeping up a strict worming schedule is also important
to insure that parasites aren't counteracting all of your efforts.
Performance Horses:
- Antioxidants: Oxidation rates raise dramatically during exercise
making it difficult for the horse's body to produce enough antioxidants to combat the free-radical damage.
- Multi-Vitamins: Extend the life of red blood cells and maximize
cellular protection, develop new muscle, aid in digestion, combat stress, and speed recovery from illness.
- Joint: Many riders and trainers feed joint supplements to extend
their horse's competitive careers.
- Electrolytes: As the amount of exercise increases, so does the need
for supplementing with an electrolyte. It is extremely important to ensure that your horse is properly hydrated and maintains
a proper mineral balance.
- Energy Supplements: Horses in intensive training and competition
might need an energy supplement to stave off muscle fatigue and to maintain a proper nutrient balance.
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Pregnant & Lactating Mares:
Pregnant and Lactating mares have special nutritional needs. It is important that they receive enough protein and lysine,
calcium and phosphorus (in the proper ratios), and all trace minerals. Two products that have been formulated specifically
for mares are:
Restricted Ingredients for Competitors
Some ingredients are restricted by the different assocations if you're competing. The USEF is a great source for finding
out about restricted ingredients. Click here to view their article, "Practical Advice Regarding the Equine Drugs and Medications Rule".
Please note that while most associations will likely have similar rules you should contact your association directly to
find out which ingredients are restricted.
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Glossary of Active Ingredients:
BCAA: BCAA or, Branched Chain Amino Acids, include leucine, isoleucine and valine. Limited research in horses suggests these specific amino acids are mobilized during exercise and used by the body for energy. This preserves muscle glycogen and other, structural amino acids. BCAAs are therefore believed to delay the onset of fatigue and prevent muscle breakdown especially during aerobic exercise, particularly endurance events.
Biotin:Biotin is a member of the B-vitamin family and, like some other vitamins, is a co-enzyme for several metabolic pathways. It is vital to the growth of strong, healthy hooves due to its role in collagen formation. A number of research studies show that long-term, daily supplementation of Biotin improves the growth rate and hardness of hooves, especially in horses with less than optimum quality hoof horn (soft, brittle, chipped). In addition, because it is a component of the enzyme responsible for the utilization of glucose by the liver, it may support proper insulin and glucose levels.
Bioflavonoids: Bioflavonoids or flavonoids are
a group of plant pigments that act as antioxidants to protect cells from the damaging
effects of free radicals (which are released due to injury, stress or illness).
They are believed to help the body respond to allergies, inflammation, infections
and even cancer.
Boswellia: Boswellia is an herb whose
active ingredients are said to interfere with the enzymes that contribute to inflammation
and pain. By inhibiting lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase, Boswellia may act as an
anti-inflammatory and pain reliever.
Bromelain: Bromelain is a protein-digesting enzyme found in pineapples that may aid in digestion as well as reduce pain and inflammation. Numerous studies in humans have shown Bromelain and other enzymes to be effective in speeding up recovery from exercise and injury, as well as from surgical procedures. There is evidence that some of the enzyme may be absorbed from the GI system intact and enter into the systemic circulation, where it may have anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving actions on joints, muscle and connective tissue.
Calcium: Calcium is necessary for proper bone growth
and muscle function. Supplementation is indicated for pregnant and lactating mares,
growing horses, horses that are heavily exercised and horses on certain kinds of
grass hay (some grass hays are very low in calcium). Too much phosphorous will prevent
calcium from being absorbed so the calcium to phosphorus ratio should be at least
1:1 but the recommended ratio is usually around 1.5:1 (calcium to phosphorus).
L-Carnitine:L-Carnitine is an amino acid that transports fat into mitochondria for aerobic oxidation and energy generation. By enhancing the body's use of fat for energy and therefore sparing muscle glycogen, Carnitine may provide benefits during aerobic exercise, particularly endurance events.
Cetyl Myristoleate: Cetyl Myristoleate is a unique fatty acid (Omega-5) discovered by a research chemist at the National Institute of Health (NIH) that is used for both joint inflammation and pain. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, it has been suggested that Cetyl Myristoleate may inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipooxygenase (LOX) pathways, decreasing production of inflammatory and pain mediators. It can be obtained from animal or plant sources. However, the animal source (beef tallow), provides a higher percentage of active ingredient than the plant source, requiring a much smaller serving size.
Chamomile:Chamomile is known as “the calming herb,” although it has many uses both internally and externally in people and animals. It is classified as a nervine because it is an herb with specific actions on the nervous system. Because of its anti-spasm and anti-inflammatory properties, it is especially helpful for horses that process anxiety through their intestinal system (diarrhea, colic, weight loss).
Choline: An essential nutrient that is a precursor
of acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter). Has indications for concentration, memory
and muscle performance and prevents fat build-up in the liver.
Chondroitin Sulfate:Chondroitin Sulfate is not only the building block of the much larger molecules hyaluronic acid (HA) and proteoglycan (PG) it also inhibits the effects of various enzymes that degrade cartilage. Research has shown that chondroitin sulfate is bioavailable in the horse and that it appears to work synergistically with glucosamine to stimulate new cartilage production and inhibit cartilage breakdown.
Chromium: Chromium (Cr) is a trace mineral which works
with insulin to regulate blood sugar. There may be a relationship between Cr deficiency
and insulin resistance. Supplementing with Cr has been shown to increase fat loss
and increase lean muscle mass.
Cobalt: Trace mineral that is used by the intestinal
tract to manufacture Vitamin B12 which is critical to normal cell function, works
with folic acid in creating red blood cells and plays a roll in creating the protective
covering around all nerves.
Collagen: Collagen is the main structural
protein found in the connective tissues of the body (skin, bones, cartilage, tendons,
ligaments). Hydrolyzed collagen protein (gelatin) is a modified form that has been
broken down into smaller pieces making it easier to digest and absorb. Collagen
and gelatin are inexpensive ingredients used to support joint health, nourish bones
and the tendons and ligaments surrounding them, and aid in recovery from exercise
and injury.
Copper: Trace mineral that is critical to joint and
bone formation, skin pigmentation and blood production and helps the horse's body
to absorb iron. It has been suggested that growing foals that are copper deficient
have an increased likelihood of developing OCD (osteochondrosis) a debilitating
joint disease marked by abnormal cartilage development.
Creatine: Creatine is a component of creatine phosphate (CP), known as the storage form of quick energy. CP is stored in muscles where it helps regenerate ATP, the main source of cellular energy, by replacing Phosphorous molecules as they are released. Numerous human studies have demonstrated positive effects of Creatine supplementation for sports requiring repeated bouts of high intensity exercise (ie anerobic activities).
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Devil's Claw: Devil’s Claw is a South African herb (Harpagophytum procumbens) that is used for pain and inflammation of bone, joints and other tissues. Data from 14 clinical trials in people conducted over the last 40 years suggest Devil’s Claw is effective in the reduction of pain associated with osteoarthritis and is associated with minor risk, when compared to non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs). Because it contains “bitters” as an active ingredient, which encourages appetite but stimulates the secretion of stomach acids, it should be used with caution in animals at risk for GI ulcers.
Diatomaceous Earth: Diatomaceous Earth is made
up of the crushed fossils of microscopic marine life. The crushed fossils are comprised
mainly of silicon particles which are very hard and sharp. These sharp edges, while
being completely safe for animals, pierce the protective shells of insects and parasites,
causing them to dehydrate and die. Diatomaceous Earth also helps to control the
fly population at your barn by destroying the fly larvae in the manure.
DMG: DMG (Dimethylglycine) is a naturally occurring substance
in the body and in many foods, but in low levels. Supplementing with this readily
absorbed ingredient makes additional DMG available to cells throughout the body,
where it is involved in energy production processes that use oxygen. DMG is used
to enhance muscle metabolism (especially in horses prone to tying-up), boost the
immune system and also serves as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory.
Fenugreek: Fenugreek is the number one preferred
flavor in horses, and is added to supplements and feeds to stimulate appetite. This
herb contains a soluble fiber known as mucilage which may slow the digestion and
absorption of food from the intestine. Fenugreek may reduce blood sugar and support
healthy metabolic function in insulin resistant horses.
Gamma Oryzanol: Gamma Oryzanol is a natural,
hormone-like substance found in rice bran. It may have muscle building properties
in horses, helping hard keepers put on weight and equine athletes improve performance.
In order for muscle to build properly with the use of Gamma Oryzanol, high-quality
protein must be fed and there must be an active training program.
Garlic: Garlic is the most widely fed herb for horses
because of its low cost and wide range of uses. Garlic is most commonly used for
fly control, as an immune system boosting, anti-oxidant, for improving circulation,
as a natural antibiotic, a digestive aid, an expectorant and to ease respiratory
irritation. Garlic contains many vitamins and minerals such as sulfur
(which is what keeps the flies and mosquitoes away), copper,
chromium, iron, selenium, and
zinc. Garlic's antibiotic properties are special because they only kill
the harmful bacteria and leave the good bacteria that live in the gut and aid digestion.
Garlic also has anti-fungal properties and aids circulation.
Gelatin: See Collagen
Glucosamine:Glucosamine is the building block of chondroitin sulfate, a specific type of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG). Current research suggests glucosamine has two beneficial actions in joints. Not only does it increase the production of new GAGs and therefore new cartilage, glucosamine has also been shown to inhibit the free radicals and enzymes that break down cartilage. This small but complex molecule has an important role in both the production and protection of joints.
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L-Glutamine: L-Glutamine is the most abundant amino
acid in the body, especially in muscle tissue. Although it is not an essential amino
acid, there is such great demand for its use in the body that production may not
be able to keep up with consumption, so supplementing may be necessary. Glutamine
is involved in more metabolic processes than any other amino acid, including building
muscle, repairing intestinal tissue and enhancing the immune system.
Glycine: A protein-forming amino acid that has been
shown to increase electrolyte mineral absorption.
Grapeseed
Extract: Super-powerful antioxidant that is 50 times more potent than
Vitamin E and 20 times more potent than Vitamin C in its antioxidant benefits. Frequently
used to boost the immune system. Grapeseed
Extract also aids in the absorption of Vitamin C, helps to prevent capillary
damage (including lung bleeding) and eases respiratory problems especially those
brought on by allergies.
HMB: HMB (also known as Beta-hydroxy Beta-methylbutyrate) is related to the amino acid leucine and is a popular supplement among bodybuilders. Studies in humans suggest it may increase lean muscle mass in two different ways: by blocking pathways that degrade muscle cell protein and by directly stimulating new protein synthesis. Because it may help prevent muscle breakdown and facilitate muscle repair, it may be especially useful to horses in heavy training.
Hops: Hops is most recognized as the flavoring agent in beer. However, this herb has also been used for centuries to relieve nervous tension, anxiety, irritability and other mood disturbances and therefore is classified as a nervine, or, an herb with specific actions on the nervous system. In humans, it has been shown to aid in sleep disturbances such as insomnia. In horses, it is most useful for those that process anxiety in the head and become distracted and unfocused.
Hyaluronic
Acid: Hyaluronic Acid or HA is an integral component of joint cartilage and joint fluid, providing both lubrication and shock absorption. Hyaluronic acid is what makes joint fluid “sticky.” Because it blocks inflammatory reactions, protecting cells in the joint, HA is especially useful in acute situations as well as flare-ups of chronic joint conditions.
Inositol: Inositol is closely related
to the B-vitamin family and is found in nearly every cell in the body. Because of
its location within the cell membrane, it plays two major roles: transporting fats
and assisting in nerve transmission. By participating in the action of serotonin,
a neurotransmitter whose brain levels are known to be a factor in anxiety, inositol
may be helpful in nervous horses.
Iodine: Necessary for proper thyroid function (regulating
basal metabolism). Deficiencies and excesses in Iodine can result in an inflamed
thyroid or "goiter". You should exercise caution when supplementing with Iodine
as it can be toxic at fairly low levels - 5 ppm or 40 mg per day. Marine based supplements
are typically high in Iodine so consult your veterinarian before feeding more than
one seaweed or kelp based supplement.
Iron: Necessary for the production of red blood cells
that help to carry oxygen throughout the body. Iron deficiencies are extremely rare
and occur only in cases of severe blood loss. While Iron has a reputation for being
a performance enhancer it is unnecessary to supplement with Iron unless your horse
has specifically been diagnosed, through a blood test, with anemia. While Iron is
necessary for the production of red blood cells, more Iron will not stimulate this
production. Too much iron interferes with mineral absorption and decreases immune
function which will make your horse more vulnerable to infection and it can be toxic
at high levels. Vitamin B12 has been shown to aid in the production of red blood
cells.
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Licorice: Licorice is one of the most widely used
herbs for people and animals in both Western and Chinese medicine. Sweet and soothing,
licorice is used for its anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, expectorant and other healing
activities. The deglycyrrhized form is preferred because it has less side effects.
Lysine: An essential amino acid (must be present in
the diet since the body cannot create it on its own) that is most commonly found
to be missing in the horse's diet. Lysine is necessary for the proper use of all
of the amino acids. Deficiencies in any of the essential amino acids can lead to
decreased growth and development as well as a low tolerance for stress.
Manganese: Trace mineral necessary for the formation
of cartilage and in metabolizing lipids and carbohydrates. Manganese is frequently
deficient in many horse's diets and supplementation is usually recommended for performance
horses, pregnant mares, growing horses or horses with arthritis.
Magnesium: Magnesium is critical to normal muscle
function and normal functioning of the nervous system. Magnesium supplementation
is indicated for horses that sweat heavily and for horses that have a lot of calcium
in their diets (Calcium interferes with the absorption of Magnesium). Magnesium
is frequently found in calming supplements.
Methionine: Methionine is an amino acid that is
essential in producing cystine. Cystine is one of the amino acids that is present
in keratin, the protein that the hoof wall is primarily made of. Methionine is also
indicated for maintaining normal skin, tendons, cartilage and ligaments.
MSM:
MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane) is a source of organic sulfur which is required for
a number of functions in the body. Sulfur plays critical roles in the formation
of protein, connective tissue, immunoglobulins and enzymes. MSM is a safe and inexpensive
compound that may support healthy joints; a strong immune system; and resilient
skin, coat and hooves.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids:Omega-3 Fatty Acids are named for their chemical structure but are valued for their health benefits. In order for the body to function well, there must be a balance between the omega-3s (generally considered anti-inflammatory) and the omega-6s (generally considered pro-inflammatory). Unfortunately, horses that do not have access to grass may be getting too many omega-6 fatty acids from their fortified grain. To bring the ratio back into balance, many people feed flax seed to their horses, the greatest plant source of omega-3s. Flax seed is 40% oil, and nearly 60% of that oil is alpha linolenic acid, an omega-3 that can be converted by the body into DHA and EPA, which have additional benefits.
Perna: Perna (Perna Mussel, Green-lipped Mussel, Sea
Mussel) is a shellfish that naturally contains a number of active compounds that
work against inflammation and the destructive cycle of degenerative joint disease.
The unique combination of biologically active proteins, chelated minerals, glycosaminoglycans,
amino acids, nucleic acids and essential fatty acids work together to maintain healthy
connective tissue.
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Phosphorus: Phosphorus is necessary for normal bone
formation and for energy metabolism. Pregnant and lactating mares as well as growing
horses have special phosphorus needs. Too much phosphorous will prevent calcium
from being absorbed so the calcium to phosphorus ratio should be at least 1:1 but
the recommended ratio is usually around 1.5:1 (calcium to phosphorus).
Potassium: A mineral electrolyte that helps to regulate
fluid content in the cells and is important in the transmission of nerve impulses.
Potassium supplementation is recommended for endurance horses or horses that are
heavily exercised especially in hot and humid conditions. Consult your veterinarian
before feeding potassium to horses suffering from HYPP.
Prebiotics: Prebiotics are non-digestible soluble
fiber that serve as food for the probiotics or "good" bugs and stimulate
their growth. Examples of prebiotics are fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin.
Probiotics: Probiotics are live microorganisms (bacteria
and yeast) fed to promote healthy digestive and immune function. When these "good"
bugs break down food ingredients that the body normally can't, they produce energy
and vitamins for the body, food for cells in the cecum and colon, and byproducts
that keep the "bad" bugs from growing. Research suggests probiotics are
useful in repopulating the intestine with "good" bugs after antibiotic
use and may benefit certain horses with diarrhea.
Psyllium:
Commonly used in the prevention and treatment of sand colic,
psyllium is a highly soluble plant fiber that turns into a gelatinous substance
in the horse's gut and absorbs sand and harmful residues and passes them safely
through the digestive tract. A must if you live in a sandy area and feed your horse
on the ground.
Pyrantel Tartrate:
The active ingredient in daily wormers,
pyrantel tartrate paralyzes parasites and moves them through the horse's system
so they are unable to encyst themselves into the intestinal wall. 2.11% Pyrantel
Tartrate is the common percentage found in daily wormers.
Daily wormers prevent infestation, stopping larvae and adult worms before
they have a chance to migrate out of the intestinal tract and do permanent damage.
With daily de-wormer the manufacturers
also recommend ivermectin twice a year, usually in the Spring after the thaw and
again in the Fall. (Ivermectin should
also be used when first starting a horse on daily
de-wormer.)
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Selenium:
Selenium is an antioxidant that works with
Vitamin E to help prevent muscle degeneration that occurs during oxidation.
Selenium deficiencies vary greatly
depending on the type of grain or hay you feed and the Selenium content in the soils
in which your hay is grown. Horses with muscle problems related to exercise
(such as "tying up") are especially indicated for
Selenium supplementation. Selenium can be toxic in high doses (3.3 mg/kg
of diet) so consult your veterinarian when supplementing with
Selenium. Selenium is typically deficient in New England, the Great Lakes
Region, Florida and along the coast in the Carolinas.
Selenium is usually high in Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, North & South
Dakota, Kansas, New Mexico, Nebraska and Eastern Utah - See map below.
Silica:Silica is the second-most plentiful element on earth, yet horses may not receive adequate levels from their diets because not all forms of silica are bioavailable and it is easily destroyed in processing. Research over the last 30 years has shown that silica increases bone growth and density while decreasing bone loss and thinning, maintains the strength of connective tissue such as tendons and ligaments, has a positive effect on wound healing, is required in cartilage formation and improves the quality and appearance of skin, hair and hooves.
Soluble Fiber:
(See Prebiotics)
Sodium Chloride
(NaCl): Commonly known as salt,
Sodium Chloride is a critical part of the horse's diet. It's necessary
for regulating hydration in the body and for muscle and nerve impulse generation.
Dehydration is a direct result of
Sodium
Chloride deficiency. All horses should have access to salt and fresh water.
Lactating mares and horses on a heavy exercise regimen are especially indicated
for increased levels of
salt in
their diet.
Soluble Fiber:
(See Prebiotics )
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD): Superoxide Dismutase (SOD),
also known as orgotein, is the most important and effective antioxidant in the body
and is the first line of defense against free radicals that damage cells. However,
it is a delicate protein that is quickly degraded by the acids and enzymes in the
stomach. In order to pass through to the intestine where it can be absorbed and
used by the body, it must be coated with a protective layer.
Sulfur: One of the basic elements, Sulfur is present
in
Biotin, Thiamine,
Methionine,
Cystine, and
Chondroitin Sulfate. Sulfur is needed for
the formation and maintenance of connective tissues.
MSM is a major source of Sulfur.
Taurine: Taurine is an amino acid found
in high concentrations in electrically active tissues such as the brain, heart,
retina and muscle. It stabilizes membranes and assists in the movement of electrolytes
in and out of cells, which is critical for proper nerve transmission and muscle
contraction. Taurine also acts as a detoxifier, is necessary for the absorption
of fats and vitamins, and influences proper insulin and glucose levels. It can be
found in supplements for growing horses, nervous horses and horses with metabolic
issues.
L-Tryptophan: L-Tryptophan is
an essential amino acid that is converted by the body into serotonin, melatonin
and other hormones that transmit nerve signals in the brain. The effect of serotonin
is to increase the feelings of well-being and contentment, to calm and to soothe.
Valerian:Valerian is a “nervine,” or, an herb with specific actions on the nervous system. Its sedating effects can be so potent that it should not be used by people or animals taking central nervous system (CNS) prescription medications or undergoing surgery using general anesthesia. Valerian rebalances a nervous system struggling with restlessness, anxiety and, in humans, insomnia. Because it also relieves muscle cramps and spasms associated with tension, it is especially helpful in horses that process anxiety through their muscles.
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Vervain: Vervain (also known as Verbena) is an herb
used for many reasons in people, but mostly for calming in horses. Characterized
as a "nervine," an herb with specific actions on the nervous system, several
compounds have been isolated from the plant and shown to have actions on nerve cells.
Vervain may help rebalance the nervous system of horses with nervous, excess energy,
helping them slow down and concentrate.
Vitamin A (Retinol): Vitamin A is particularly important
for horses that have little or no access to fresh grass, horses that are breeding,
and horses that are prone to skin problems. Vitamin A is essential for eye health,
bone growth, sperm and egg production, and growth of the cells that line the respiratory
and digestive tracts, as well as the reproductive organs.
Vitamin B
(B1-Thiamine, B2-Riboflavin, B3-Niacin, B4-Choline Chloride, B5-Pantothenic Acid,
B6-Pyridoxine, B7-Biotin, B8-Inositol, B9-Folic Acid, B10-Para-amino-benzoic acid
(PABA), B12-Cobalamin, B13-Orotic Acid, B14-Betaine, B15-Dimethylglycine (DMG)):
B Vitamins are especially important for horses that aren't eating normally or that
are under stress brought on by age, heavy exercise, illness, injury, transport,
surgery or infection. Thiamine is sometimes used to help to prevent tying up. Vitamin
B12 has been shown to aid in the production of red blood cells.
Vitamin B deficiency is marked by nervousness and irritability.
Vitamin C
(Ascorbic Acid, Ester C): Vitamin
C is essential to the production of connective tissues (ligaments, tendons,
cartilage).
Vitamin C is also
a powerful antioxidant that boosts immune system health and helps to keep the lungs
infection and irritant free. Older horses in particular will benefit from increased
intake of
Vitamin C.
Vitamin D (Calciferol): Vitamin D is created when
a compound in the skin is exposed to the sun's ultraviolet rays. Horses that are
not exposed to outdoor light for long periods (longer than one month) may need to
be supplemented with Vitamin D. Vitamin D is critical to normal bone growth and
development. Too much Vitamin D results in Calcium deposits in the blood vessels
and excessive doses can be toxic. Consult your veterinarian before supplementing
with Vitamin D in amounts greater than 11,000 IU/day for an 1100 lb horse.
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Vitamin E
(Tocopherol): Vitamin E is an antioxidant that is essential to normal muscle
function and is particularly helpful in horses that are exercised frequently. Damaging
free radicals are generated during exercise and supplementing with
Vitamin E can help to protect the muscle cells.
Vitamin K (Menadione): Necessary for proper liver
function and blood clotting. Moldy sweet clover and some anticoagulants can interfere
with the production of Vitamin K.
Yeast: (See
Prebiotics and
Probiotics)
Yucca:Yucca is an herb native to North and Central America used by ancient and modern civilizations to relieve pain and inflammation. While it’s mechanism of action is largely unknown, active ingredients have been isolated from Yucca that have antioxidant, anti-platelet clumping and anti-inflammatory properties.
Zinc: Zinc aids in protein synthesis which is needed for
proper hoof growth. In order to best absorb zinc and copper, it is recommended to
feed them at a ratio from 3:1 to 5:1 (zinc to copper)
L-Tryptophan: L-Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that is converted by the body into serotonin, melatonin and other hormones that transmit nerve signals in the brain. The effect of serotonin is to increase the feelings of well-being and contentment, to calm and to soothe.
Valerian: Commonly found in calming supplements, Valerian is a natural tranquilizer used to
calm nervous, irritable horses without hindering performance. If you compete, you should check the rules of your association
before giving your horse any calming supplements since their use is sometimes prohibited. You should consult your veterinarian
before feeding valerian to pregnant or lactating mares.
TOP
Vervain: Vervain (also known as Verbena) is an herb used for many reasons in people, but mostly for
calming in horses. Characterized as a "nervine," an herb with specific actions on the nervous system, several compounds
have been isolated from the plant and shown to have actions on nerve cells. Vervain may help rebalance the nervous system of horses
with nervous, excess energy, helping them slow down and concentrate.
Vitamin A (Retinol): Vitamin A is particularly important for horses that have little or no
access to fresh grass, horses that are breeding, and horses that are prone to skin problems. Vitamin A is essential for
eye health, bone growth, sperm and egg production, and growth of the cells that line the respiratory and digestive tracts,
as well was the reproductive organs.
Vitamin B (B1-Thiamine, B2-Riboflavin, B3-Niacin,
B4-Choline Chloride, B5-Pantothenic Acid, B6-Pyridoxine, B7-Biotin, B8-Inositol, B9-Folic Acid, B10-Para-amino-benzoic acid
(PABA), B12-Cobalamin, B13-Orotic Acid, B14-Betaine, B15-Dimethylglycine (DMG)): B Vitamins are especially important
for horses that aren't eating normally or that are under stress brought on by age, heavy exercise, illness, injury, transport,
surgery or infection. Thiamine is sometimes used to help to prevent tying up. Vitamin B12 has been shown to aid in the production
of red blood cells.
Vitamin B deficiency is marked by nervousness and
irritability.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid, Ester C):
Vitamin C is essential to the production of connective tissues (ligaments, tendons, cartilage).
Vitamin C is also a powerful antioxidant that boosts immune system health and helps to keep the lungs infection
and irritant free. Older horses in particular will benefit from increased intake of
Vitamin C.
Vitamin D (Calciferol): Vitamin D is created when a compound in the skin is exposed to the
sun's ultraviolet rays. Horses that are not exposed to outdoor light for long periods (longer than one month) may need to
be supplemented with Vitamin D. Vitamin D is critical to normal bone growth and development. Too much Vitamin D results
in Calcium deposits in the blood vessels and excessive doses can be toxic. Consult your veterinarian before supplementing
with Vitamin D in amounts greater than 11,000 IU/day for an 1100 lb horse.
TOP
Vitamin E (Tocopherol): Vitamin E is an
antioxidant that is essential to normal muscle function and is particularly helpful in horses that are exercised frequently.
Damaging free radicals are generated during exercise and supplementing with
Vitamin
E can help to protect the muscle cells.
Vitamin K (Menadione): Necessary for proper liver function and blood clotting. Moldy sweet
clover and some anticoagulants can interfere with the production of Vitamin K.
Yeast: (See
Prebiotics and
Probiotics)
Yucca: Yucca is a natural anti-inflamatory and is believed to have pain killing properties. Yucca
is also used to control ammonia and to aid in digestion.
Zinc: Zinc aids in protein synthesis which is needed for proper hoof growth. In order to best
absorb zinc and copper, it is recommended to feed them at a ratio from 3:1 to 5:1 (zinc to copper)
Disclaimer: The content of this web site is provided for information purposes only. No claim is made as to the accuracy
or authenticity of the content of the web site. SmartPak Equine does not accept any liability to any person for the information
or advice (or the use of such information or advice) that is provided on this web site or incorporated into it by reference.
The information on the SmartPak Equine web site is provided on the basis that all persons accessing this site undertake
responsibility for assessing the relevance and accuracy of its content.
References:
Kellon, E. (1998).
Equine Supplements & Nutraceuticals. Breakthrough
Publications, NY.